Strings in C: Strings can be defined as the one-dimensional array of characters terminated by a null ('\0'). The difference between a character array and a string is the string is terminated with a special character ‘\0’.
Declaration of strings: Declaring a string is as simple as declaring a one-dimensional array.
Below is the basic syntax for declaring a string.
char str_n[size];
Explanation: In the above syntax str_n is any name given to the string variable and size is used to define the length of the string, that is the number of characters strings will store.
Initializing a String: A string can be initialized in different ways see below:
1. char str[] = "Pappy";
2. char str[50] = "Pappy";
3. char str[] = {'P','a','p','p','y','\0'};
4. char str[14] = {'P','a','p','p','y','\0'};
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
char m[6] = {'P','a','p','p','y','\0'};
printf("Entered:message %s\n",m );
return 0;
}
Output:
Entered message: Pappy
C String Function & Purpose
1) strcpy(x1, x2); Copies string x2 into string x1.
2) strcat(x1, x2); Concatenates string s2 onto the end of string s1.
3) strlen(x1); Returns the length of string x1.
4) strcmp(x1, x2); Returns 0 if x1 and x2 are the same; less than 0 if x1<x2; greater than 0 if x1>x2.
5) strchr(x1, char); Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character char in string x1
6) strstr(x1, x2); Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of string x2 in string x1.
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main () {
char s1[12] = "Tutorials";
char s2[12] = "Webin";
char s3[12];
int len ;
/* copy s1 into s3 */
strcpy(s3, s1);
printf("strcpy( s3, s1) : %s\n", s3 );
/* concatenates s1 and s2 */
strcat( s1, s2);
printf("strcat( s1, s2): %s\n", s1 );
/* total lenghth of s1 after concatenation */
len = strlen(s1);
printf("strlen(s1) : %d\n", len );
return 0;
}
Output:
strcpy( str3, str1) : Tutorials
strcat( str1, str2): TutorialsWebin
strlen(str1) : 14
See also: Java Println Java Print Java Datatypes Java Constructor